Hybrid and electric vehicle technology has seen rapid development in recent years. The motor and generator are at the heart of the vehicle drive and energy system and often utilise expensive rare-earth permanent magnet material.
Existing hybrid and electric vehicles, such as Toyota Prius, Chevrolet Bolt, Nissan Leaf, and BMW i3 all use high-energy-density permanent magnet (PM) machines for electric propulsion. The magnetic material is usually sintered neodymium–iron–boron (NdFeB).
Squirrel cage induction motors (IM) have been successfully used in electric vehicles (GM and Tesla) and commercial vehicles (buses and trains). They are much cheaper and more robust although they can struggle to get the same torque density.
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